Before the advent of penicillin and modern pharmaceuticals, alcohol was used as a preservative and base for many bitter herbal medicines, some of which are now sold as cocktail bitters. To make the mixture more palatable, apothecaries and country folk would add sugar, their spirit of choice, and maybe some water.
Depending on whom you talk to, this mixture was defined as a cocktail somewhere around 1803. Absinthe was introduced into this beverage sometime during or before the 1880s, and quickly gained popularity. In the words of Ted Breaux, Jade Liqueur’s absinthe historian and distiller, “absinthe was developed as a medicine. The original purpose of cocktails was making medicinal spirits good to drink, so absinthe really fit right in.”
But in France, absinthe had become a source of competition for the wine industry. There was one other problem: “it had no legal definition,” says Breaux. “Producers weren’t bound by food and beverage safety laws like we are. Back then, you could put anything in a bottle and call it absinthe.” As a result of this oversight and other political and social events, absinthe was banned in most countries.
“Interestingly, it was never banned in some countries,” says Breaux. “In England, of course, it was never really a problem because it was primarily used in cocktails.” Outside of England, bartenders and producers alike got creative to find a viable substitute for making cocktails. Thus, Herbsaint and the anise liqueurs known as pastis were born.
Absinthe was recently re-legalized in many places, including the U.S. (2007) and the E.U. According to Breaux, it happened in the E.U. by accident. “When the E.U. passed its food and beverage safety regulations, those superseded the absinthe ban.” In the U.S., it was more of a struggle, and involved an intricate dialogue with the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (T.T.B.).
If you’re curious about trying an absinthe cocktail, we’ve asked Ted Breaux to help round up a few drinks that every drinker must try, as well as a couple to expand and challenge the palate.
Bloody Fairy
Directions:Substitute 1 oz. absinthe for vodka in your favorite Bloody Mary recipe.
Brunelle
modified from The Savoy Cocktail Book, 1930
Ingredients
1 oz. absinthe
3-4 oz. lemon juice
Sweetened to taste
Directions: Combine ingredients in a cocktail shaker. Add ice, shake to combine, and strain into a cocktail glass.
Corpse Reviver No. 2
Ingredients
1 oz. gin (Ted prefers Old Tom style)
1 oz. orange liqueur
1 oz. Lillet Blanc (or comparable fortified wine product)
3/4 oz. lemon juice
1 dash absinthe
Directions: Combine ingredients in a cocktail shaker. Add ice, shake to combine, and strain into a coupe glass. Garnish with an orange peel if desired.
Morning Glory Fizz
modified from The Savoy Cocktail Book, 193o
Ingredients
1/2 oz. lemon juice or 1 oz. lime juice
1/2 oz. simple syrup
1 egg white
2 dashes absinthe
2 oz. mild Scotch (we suggest a blended whisky)
Directions: Combine all ingredients in a cocktail shaker. Shake without ice. Add ice and shake until frost has formed on the outside of the shaker. Strain into a Collins glass and top with soda water.