Space Matter: 5 Reasons Why Jupiter is Weird … and Cool

For the last year, the spacecraft Juno has been orbiting Jupiter, the monster of our solar system, snapping pictures and sending back data. The spacecraft was launched in August of 2011 and entered orbit of the gas giant on July 4, 2016. Since then, scientists have been studying the data Juno has been sending back, including vivid and breathtaking images thanks to the high-definition camera on the spacecraft, JunoCam.
Juno’s unique orbit is polar, rather than equatorial, and is highly elongated. This orbit takes it much closer to Jupiter than we have ever been before—as close as 2,600 miles—but it’s incredibly long because of Jupiter’s massive magnetic field, which will disrupt and damage the spacecraft and its delicate instruments. It therefore takes Juno around 53 and a half days to complete one orbit around the planet.
Jupiter’s bands of clouds. (Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/SwRI/MSSS/Gerald Eichstadt/Sean Doran)
That doesn’t mean we haven’t collected some intriguing and excellent data on our largest planet cousin, though. And over the course of this one year, so much of what we thought we knew about the biggest planet in our neighborhood has been turned upside down. And it’s only going to get more exciting: Here are five different things we’ve learned about Jupiter over the past year.
1. Jupiter’s north and south poles are blue.
When you think of Jupiter, you probably picture one of the classic orange and white equatorial photos that is so prevalent. The fact is, until Juno, we’d never actually seen what Jupiter’s poles look like. Jupiter’s tilt is small enough—just 3 degrees (compared to Earth’s 23.5 degrees)—to where the angle is never right to be able to see the poles from our planet.
Juno, however, is in a daring polar orbit of Jupiter and has made some interesting discoveries that will keep planetary scientists occupied for decades. Not only are Jupiter’s poles covered in storms, but they’re stunningly blue. This is both gorgeous and completely unexpected.
Jupiter’s south pole. (Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/SwRI/MSSS/Betsy Asher Hall/Gervasio Robles)
2. Jupiter expels electrons as a byproduct of solar wind.