The Black Hole: The First Time Disney Left the G Rating

This year, The Walt Disney Company turns 100 years old. For good or ill, no other company has been more influential in the history of film. Walt Disney’s Century is a monthly feature in which Ken Lowe revisits the landmark entries in Disney’s filmography to reflect on what they meant for the Mouse House—and how they changed cinema. You can read all the entries here.

Disney’s two unofficial rules these days seem to be making money and having a minimum bar of quality—or at least of craft. It’s unfortunate, because those two things often translate into exasperatingly boring art. The other inviolable dictate, for a big chunk of the company’s history, has been to be family-friendly, whatever that might mean at the time. (Now, that means acknowledging the existence of non-straight people and casting women and people of color in lead roles. It did not always mean that!)

The Black Hole, the 1979 sci-fi throwback that is unlike anything else the company has ever produced, is certainly well-crafted in its technical particulars: Computer-controlled camera rigs! New matte compositing that looks less janky! Tons of practical sets and props and detailed costuming! How did they make it look like there was actual zero-g on set??? (It was complicated wire rigs that they often made sure to film from below, and colored the same as the backgrounds whenever possible.) It is also Disney’s very first film rated raunchier than a G. The PG-rated The Black Hole (filmed and released prior to the invention of the PG-13 rating) features mild cursing, foul betrayal, the violent death of major characters, and an army of humans turned into robots through hideous necromantic mad science.

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For all that noteworthiness, though, The Black Hole is… not a great film. But it is a bizarrely compelling first for the company, even if it is absolutely just chasing the trends of ‘70s blockbusters. Considering you can’t find other creepy stuff from that period on Disney+ (1980’s The Watcher in the Woods is a glaring gap in the catalog), it’s a miracle this thing is now widely available for viewing.

In some far-off spacefaring future (where all the same geopolitical boundaries are apparently still in effect and space crews are entirely white), the crew of the spaceship Palomino happens upon a massive black hole. This deep space phenomenon just so happens to have another spaceship orbiting it, strangely resistant to the gravity surrounding it. The cast is stuffed with actors you’re likely to know from other stuff: Anthony Perkins is the ship’s science officer, Robert Forster the no-nonsense captain, Ernest Borgnine a craven crewman, and the ship’s hovering smart-aleck jack-of-all-trades robot V.I.N.CENT. is voiced by Roddy McDowall. Joseph Bottoms and Yvette Mimieux round out the cast as the young hotshot and a young woman with ESP whose father disappeared—the ship orbiting the black hole was his last known location.

Aboard the ship, the Palomino crew is quickly disarmed and apprehended by a robot army, discovering that the ship’s only surviving crewmember is mad scientist Dr. Reinhardt (Maximilian Scheller—the hulking robot enforcer is named “Maximilian” after him).

Reinhardt has survived aboard the ship for 20 years using his genius and army of robot minions, studying the phenomenon of the black hole the entire time. He’s determined to travel through the black hole, claiming that there must be another reality on the other side, one that he will pioneer.

Everybody but Perkins’ scientist immediately comes to the conclusion that Reinhardt is cuckoo for Cocoa Puffs, and their independent wanderings around the ship immediately bear this out: V.I.N.CENT. runs into bedraggled fellow robot survivor B.O.B. (voiced by Slim Pickens, really) who reveals that Reinhardt’s robot servants are actually the animated corpses of the crew he claims to have sent to the escape pods 20 years ago, Mimieux’s father among them. Forster witnesses the necro-bot crew consign one of their own to the black hole with funereal ceremony.

When it’s revealed that Reinhardt has no intention of letting his guests leave alive, Perkins tries to go with him into the black hole, but is killed by Maximilian’s spinning immersion blender claws, howling as he falls dead. The last reel of the movie is a series of laser gun fights and escapes against increasingly dire sets and matte shots, the ship colliding with meteorites and tumbling into the singularity. V.I.N.CENT. has a struggle to the bloody death with Maximilian before sending his foe screaming into the void, and then watches as B.O.B. dies.

It should be said that if this sounds dark and epic, it kind of is, but it’s hamstrung significantly by some pretty wooden performances, as if the actors aren’t quite sure what sort of movie they’re in. All of it is scored by the Bond theme man himself, John Barry, and like the rest, it’ll give you tonal whiplash: The movie’s theme is paranoid and reeling and portentous, yet a couple fight scenes near the end are scored like campy space adventure.

It’s not too surprising that the movie has something of an identity crisis. The Mouse House was falling on relatively hard times by the late ‘70s. The man who had founded the company and been its guiding visionary had been dead more than a decade, and the studio’s animation division had driven off a generation of young talent who were poised to give them a run for their money at the box office and among critics over the next decade. The company was very much entering into the rough period prior to the late ‘80s renaissance, when it aggressively pivoted back into animation and reminded audiences what “Disney movie” means.

The desperation lies thick on this one: Planned for nearly a decade, The Black Hole was originally intended to be a Disney take on disaster movies of the period like The Poseidon Adventure, The Andromeda Strain, or The Towering Inferno. The script reportedly went through about a billion different iterations, never with much of a clear ending—Forster has said he didn’t know the ending until he sat down in the theater, since a lot of it was post-production trickery. It wasn’t until 1977 that the movie finally entered into production, and it’s hard to believe that another famous movie set in space that came out that year didn’t have a major influence on the movie’s third reel, which rapidly devolves into laser gun battles in the grim hallways of a spacecraft. Little details—like the importance of the cute little robo pals, the enemy force that are “more machine than people,” and even Mimieux’s ESP powers—recall Star Wars.

It is also hard not to also see the movie as an answer to Star Wars in some key ways: Aboard the Palomino, all the scenes are framed as occurring in zero gravity, with characters sailing about on wires and climbing out of tunnels from above, headfirst. There’s even a justification for the fact that gravity appears normal aboard Reinhardt’s ship: He’s got weird gravity-defying tech keeping the ship from being sucked into the black hole, so of course he can also create artificial gravity on his ship. I’m sure the actual physics on display in the movie are total bullshit, but it at least acts like a post-Apollo film rather than A Trip to the Moon.

All the same, audiences didn’t really go for it: The movie made its budget back, but couldn’t be said to be more than a tepid success. (It probably didn’t help that it hit theaters just a couple weeks after Star Trek: The Motion Picture.) It remains an end of an era, though, not just for Disney (which was just a handful of years away from creating Touchstone Pictures, so it could make that sweet, sweet PG-13 money without tarnishing Mickey’s image), but for sci-fi cinema. The Black Hole is a throwback to an earlier era of sci-fi storytelling, an era that belonged to guys like Rod Serling, and it’s a throwback that just so happened to come out the year that sci-fi cinema left those sensibilities behind forever. Besides Star Trek, Ridley Scott’s Alien debuted the very same year—another harrowing journey into deep space that is lightyears ahead of The Black Hole in confronting the unknowable things that may lurk in the darkness between the stars. By the next year, when Flash Gordon hit theaters, this kind of rocketship-and-square-jawed-hero tale was firmly in the realm of high camp.

The last few minutes of The Black Hole go as weird as possible: Reinhardt and his sinister robot, both having gone extravehicular, fall into the singularity and merge into one being, reigning over a flaming, infernal wasteland. The escapees of the Palomino, meanwhile, are drawn into the black hole but emerge on the other side after a bizarre interlude where some audiovisual tricks stand in for their shattered mental states. But, like Dante, they emerge from hell to some new and unknown horizon.

We know nothing else. The credits roll. It’s an ending that seems surreal for the sake of surreality, which is very much not the point of existentialist space opera. Yet I can’t really classify this as a misfire, messy and derivative as it is. There is a dread at the center of The Black Hole that is way darker than its tame little pre-PG-13 PG rating. It’s a place Disney movies have rarely gone since.

Join us next month for more Walt Disney’s Century as Disney goes digital with Tron.

Kenneth Lowe is beyond man’s vision, but not his reach. You can follow him on Twitter @IllusiveKen until it collapses and read more at his blog.

Walt Disney’s Century: The Black Hole

In the midst of Star Wars mania, Disney made a disturbing, trend-chasing sci-fi throwback